{"id":13054,"date":"2018-02-14T22:21:34","date_gmt":"2018-02-15T03:21:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wes.org\/?post_type=advisor_blog&#038;p=13054"},"modified":"2024-05-14T15:46:52","modified_gmt":"2024-05-14T19:46:52","slug":"the-differences-between-phd-studies-in-the-u-s-and-canada","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wes.org\/zh-hans\/resource-library\/blog\/education-zh-hans\/the-differences-between-phd-studies-in-the-u-s-and-canada\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8bfb\u535a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5317\u7f8e\u5730\u533a\u5e38\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u8fd9\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u6709\u5fd7\u4e8e\u5c31\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e2016\u5e74\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u9009\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u53bb\u5e74\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u751f\u5165\u5b66\u7387<a href=\"https:\/\/www.universityaffairs.ca\/news\/news-article\/international-student-enrolment-rises-11-percent-canadas-universities\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u4e0a\u5347\u4e8611\uff05<\/a>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u73af\u5883\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u6709\u6240\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u4ecd\u5438\u5f15\u7740\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u751f\u3002 2016-2017\u5e74\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iie.org\/Why-IIE\/Announcements\/2017-11-13-Open-Doors-2017-Executive-Summary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Open Doors Report<\/a>\u201d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ecd\u6709\u8fd1291,000\u540d\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4efd\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd8\u662f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u751f\u90fd\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b66\u4e60\u9886\u57df\u9009\u62e9\u4e13\u4e1a\uff1a\u5546\u79d1business\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66engineering\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u653b\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u5462\uff1f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5206\u6790\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u535a\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u63cf\u8ff0\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u505a\u51fa\u5408\u9002\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u5165\u8bfb\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u535a\u58eb\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u8981\u6c42<\/h4>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5f55\u53d6\u8981\u6c42\u662f\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6750\u6599\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5165\u5b66\u8003\u8bd5\u6210\u7ee9\uff0c\u5982<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wes.org\/advisor-blog\/gmat-resources\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GMAT<\/a>\u6216<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wes.org\/advisor-blog\/tips-resources-for-gre\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GRE<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u8bed\u8a00\u6210\u7ee9\u8bc1\u660e\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\u901a\u5e38\u8981\u6c42\u82f1\u6587\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u82f1\u6587\u6216\u6cd5\u6587\uff09Language certificates<\/li>\n<li>\u7533\u8bf7\u6587\u4e66\uff08\u4e2a\u4eba\u9648\u8ff0\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u9648\u8ff0\u7b49\uff09Statement of purpose<\/li>\n<li>\u7814\u7a76\u8ba1\u5212Research proposal<\/li>\n<li>\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1Letters of recommendation<\/li>\n<li>\u5199\u4f5c\u8303\u4f8bWriting sample<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/www.phdportal.com\/search\/#q=ci-56|lv-phd|tc-EUR&amp;start=0&amp;length=10&amp;order=relevance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/a>\u6216\u7f8e\u56fd\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5dee\u5f02\u90fd\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5de6\u53f3\u4f60\u5bf9\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u504f\u7231\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/www.phdportal.com\/search\/#q=ci-82|lv-phd|tc-EUR&amp;start=0&amp;length=10&amp;order=relevance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u7533\u8bf7\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d<\/a>\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5219\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u901a\u5e38\u8f83\u957f\uff0c\u5e76\u5305\u62ec\u90e8\u5206\u7855\u58eb\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u53ea\u6709\u5b66\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u8005\u3002\u800c\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5f88\u5c11\u80fd\u591f\u653b\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u4f8b\u5916\u662f\u5f53\u4f60\u5165\u8bfb\u7406\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\u6539\u6210\u653b\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7814\u7a76\u8bfe\u9898\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u62db\u751f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u9884\u8ba1\u5c06\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u7740\u624b\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u5f00\u59cb\u540e\u5c31\u9a6c\u4e0a\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u8bba\u6587\u64b0\u5199\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8bfb\u535a\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\uff1f<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u4f1a\u53c2\u52a0\u5404\u79cd\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1agroup seminar\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6bcf\u5468\u9700\u8981\u5927\u7ea620\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u9879\u76ee\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u5bf9\u8bba\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u591a\u7bc7\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u8bba\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5e76\u79ef\u6781\u7533\u8bf7\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\u6765\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u652f\u6301\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f60\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u5b66\u52a9\u7406\uff08Teaching Assistant, TA\uff09\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u52a9\u7406\uff08Research Assistantships , RA\uff09\u4e3a\u6559\u6388\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u6bcf\u5468\u9700\u8981\u957f\u8fbe20\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e24\u8005\u76f8\u52a0\uff0c\u6bcf\u546840\u5c0f\u65f6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5408\u7406\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u6839\u636e\u9879\u76ee\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u8fd9\u66f4\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8bfe\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u56db\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u9884\u7559\u4e94\u5e74\u6216\u66f4\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u8bb0\u4f4f\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4e9b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5ef6\u957f\u8d44\u52a9\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u987b\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6210\u5b66\u4e60\u6240\u82b1\u8d39\u7684\u989d\u5916\u5e74\u4efd\u652f\u4ed8\u5b66\u8d39\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h4>\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bfb\u535a\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\uff1f<\/h4>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u535a\u58eb\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6709\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u5b8c\u6210\u535a\u58eb\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u538b\u529b\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u4e94\u81f3\u516d\u5e74\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u9879\u76ee\u4e4b\u524d\u4fdd\u7559\u8d44\u91d1\u3002\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u4e09\u5e74\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u751f\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u957f\u8fbe\u516b\u5e74\u751a\u81f3\u5341\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u7814\u8ba8\u8bfe\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5927\u91cf\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f60\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u8868\u7ecf\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u8bae\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ca\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u6bcf\u5468\u5e73\u574740\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e5f\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5e38\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u6559\u5b66\u548c\u8bc4\u5206\u8d23\u4efb\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u5b66\u751f\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6295\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4f1a\u88ab\u538b\u7f29\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u535a\u58eb\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n<p>\u535a\u58eb\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u662f\u5b66\u751f\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u751f\u8fd8\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6216\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6210\u672c\u8981\u6bd4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4fbf\u5b9c\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u90fd\u4f1a\u6bd4\u672c\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\u9ad8\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u7f8e\u52a0\u653b\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5b66\u8d39\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e73\u5747\u5b66\u8d39\uff1a\u6bcf\u5e74$ 28,000 &#8211; $ 40,000\u7f8e\u5143<\/li>\n<li>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5e73\u5747\u5b66\u8d39\uff1a\u6bcf\u5e74$ 8,000 &#8211; $ 20,000\u52a0\u5143<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u5b9e\u529b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u83b7\u5f97TA\u6216RA\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u5c06\u81ea\u52a8\u83b7\u5f97\u5b66\u8d39\u8c41\u514d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u901a\u5e38\u5fc5\u987b\u6839\u636e\u5b66\u4e1a\u6210\u7ee9\u7533\u8bf7\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u5b66\u8d39\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8d39\u7528\u548c\u5076\u5c14\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u5f53TA\u548cRA\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u4ed8\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u5168\u90e8\u7814\u7a76\u8d39\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6210\u672c\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5e73\u5747\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6bd4\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4fbf\u5b9c\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u5173\u4e8e\u4e24\u56fd\u751f\u6d3b\u6210\u672c\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5b66\u751f\u751f\u6d3b\u6210\u672c\uff1a\u6bcf\u67081,200 &#8211; 2,500\u7f8e\u5143<\/li>\n<li>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5b66\u751f\u751f\u6d3b\u6210\u672c\uff1a\u6bcf\u6708$ 1,000 &#8211; $ 1,500\u52a0\u5143<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u9009\u62e9<\/h4>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u66fe\u7ecf\u4e86\u89e3\u8fc7\u5c31\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u535a\u58eb\u8bfe\u7a0b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u62a5\u544a\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u884c\u4e1a\u5bf9\u4ec5\u62e5\u6709\u5b66\u58eb\u6216\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u540c\u6837\u611f\u5230\u6ee1\u610f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u540e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u4ece\u957f\u8fdc\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u66f4\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u6bd4\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u535a\u58eb\u66f4\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u9700\u8981\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\u6570\u91cf\u5c0f\u4e8e\u5e94\u5c4a\u535a\u58eb\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u6570\uff0c\u4e14\u5de5\u4f5c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u90e8\u95e8\u5185\u3002\u4f46\u8bf7\u52ff\u7070\u5fc3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ec5\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7ade\u4e89\u66f4\u52a0\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u6b63\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u73af\u5883\u5bf9\u4e8e\u535a\u58eb\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u80fd\u7ed9\u516c\u53f8\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u503c\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u90e8\u95e8\u4e4b\u5916\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h4>\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5171\u540c\u70b9<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5728\u535a\u58eb\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6295\u5165\u5927\u91cf\u7cbe\u529b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u548c\u5b66\u58eb\u6216\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u5dee\u522b\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u60ca\u559c\uff08\u548c\u6311\u6218\uff09\u3002\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u90fd\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u534f\u4f1a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b66\u751f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u878d\u5165\u535a\u58eb\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u4eba\u9645\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u79ef\u6781\u9f13\u52b1\u4f60\u52a0\u5165\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u9645\u7f51\u7edc\u5e76\u53c2\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f60\u5bf9\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u5c06\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df<\/li>\n<li>\u6240\u5728\u90e8\u95e8<\/li>\n<li>\u5bfc\u5e08<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u80fd\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f71\u54cd\u5b66\u751f\u5bf9\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u5b66\u751f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u767e\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u9009\u62e9\u7684<strong>\u8bfe\u9898<\/strong>\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u8fdb\u884c\u7e41\u91cd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4f60\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5e26\u6765\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6240\u5728<strong>\u90e8\u95e8<\/strong>\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u72b6\u51b5\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u90e8\u95e8\u4e0e\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5f88\u591a\u4e0e\u5b66\u4e60\u6709\u5173\u7684\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b66\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6d25\u8d34\uff0c\u52a9\u5b66\u91d1\u548c\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f60\u6240\u5728\u90e8\u95e8\u4e0e\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4f60\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u524d\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f60\u7684<strong>\u5bfc\u5e08<\/strong>\u662f\u4f60\u5c06\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bc6\u5207\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u597d\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u4e50\u610f\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4f60\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u771f\u6b63\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u80fd\u591f\u7ed9\u4f60\u5e26\u6765\u5b9e\u9645\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5728\u4f60\u51b3\u5b9a\u597d\u524d\u5f80\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd8\u662f\u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href=\"https:\/\/www.phdportal.com\/search\/#q=lv-phd|tc-USD&amp;start=0&amp;length=10&amp;order=relevance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PhD Portal<\/a>\u662f\u5bfb\u627e\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u535a\u58eb\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u795d\u4f60\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u535a\u58eb\u7684\u8def\u4e0a\u4e00\u5207\u987a\u5229\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5317\u7f8e\u5730\u533a\u5e38\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u8fd9\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u6709\u5fd7\u4e8e\u5c31\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e2016\u5e74 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":10259,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1407,726],"tags":[735,737,746],"class_list":["post-13054","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-advisor-blog-zh-hans","category-education-zh-hans","tag-canada-zh-hans","tag-international-students-zh-hans","tag-admissions-zh-hans"],"better_featured_image":{"id":10259,"alt_text":"differences between PhD studies in the U.S. and Canada","caption":"","description":"","media_type":"image","media_details":{"width":635,"height":423,"file":"2018\/02\/blog_20180213_shutterstock_160627655.jpg","sizes":{"medium":{"file":"blog_20180213_shutterstock_160627655-300x200.jpg","width":300,"height":200,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/www.wes.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/blog_20180213_shutterstock_160627655-300x200.jpg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"blog_20180213_shutterstock_160627655-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/www.wes.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/blog_20180213_shutterstock_160627655-150x150.jpg"},"testimonial-thumb":{"file":"blog_20180213_shutterstock_160627655-90x90.jpg","width":90,"height":90,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/www.wes.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/blog_20180213_shutterstock_160627655-90x90.jpg"},"carousel-post-thumb":{"file":"blog_20180213_shutterstock_160627655-540x277.jpg","width":540,"height":277,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/www.wes.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/blog_20180213_shutterstock_160627655-540x277.jpg"},"team":{"file":"blog_20180213_shutterstock_160627655-185x185.jpg","width":185,"height":185,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/www.wes.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/blog_20180213_shutterstock_160627655-185x185.jpg"},"people":{"file":"blog_20180213_shutterstock_160627655-394x276.jpg","width":394,"height":276,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/www.wes.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/blog_20180213_shutterstock_160627655-394x276.jpg"},"insight":{"file":"blog_20180213_shutterstock_160627655-541x362.jpg","width":541,"height":362,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/www.wes.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/blog_20180213_shutterstock_160627655-541x362.jpg"}},"image_meta":{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1","keywords":[]}},"post":10231,"source_url":"https:\/\/www.wes.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/blog_20180213_shutterstock_160627655.jpg"},"acf":{"author_name":"StudyPortals"},"yoast_head":"<!-- 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