July/August 1999 Volume 12, Issue 4 CONTENTS REGIONAL NEWS Africa (cover page) The Americas Asia-Pacific Caribbean E. Europe & NIS Middle East W. Europe PRACTICAL INFORMATION Education in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia RESEARCH Rebuilding the University of Pristina eWENR & WES INFO eWENR Index: Contains links to all eWENR issues that are currently available for viewing. Masthead: Learn more about eWENR and its editorial staff. Subscriptions: Don't miss future issues of eWENR. World Education Services: Learn more about the organization that brings you eWENR. Comments: eWENR's editor welcomes your comments. If you have story ideas, suggestions or feedback regarding eWENR, e-mail us with the details. WENR Archives: You can read WENR back issues from Summer 1995 through Fall 1996. WENR Article Index Through 1996: Features an index of all WENR articles through Fall 1996.

Practical Information Education in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia by WES Staff Members I n the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia* (Serbia and Montenegro, including the autonomous provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina), the education system is divided into elementary, secondary and tertiary levels. The academic year runs from October through July, and the main language of instruction for most institutions is Serbian. At present there are seven universities in the country: the University of Belgrade, the University of Fine Arts of Belgrade, the University of Kragujevac, the University of Nis, the University of Novi Sad, the University of Pristina and the University of Montenegro. Elementary and Secondary Education Primary schooling is compulsory, free and lasts for eight years. About 97 percent of children ages seven to 15 are enrolled in elementary schools in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FR Yugoslavia). Secondary education lasts four years, from age 15 to 19. Pupils attend either vocational/technical schools or the more academically oriented schools called gymnasia. Organization of Higher Education University Education Admission requirements: secondary-school certificate. Other admission requirements may include: aptitude tests administered by faculties of architecture, fine and applied arts, music and drama. Visoke skole (“high schools”) can be independent higher education institutions, or they can be attached to universities or university faculties. Such schools offer programs that last two to four academic years. Two-year programs lead to a Level VI/1 diploma, while four-year programs lead to a Level VII/1 diploma. Both diplomas carry a professional title in various scientific and artistic fields (mechanical engineer, lawyer, teacher, etc.). University faculties and specialized institutes (for example, art and music academies) offer programs lasting between four to six years leading to a Level VII/1 diploma. Students who earn this degree are also awarded a professional title in various scientific and artistic fields (for instance, mechanical engineer, doctor of medicine, economist, professor of physics, etc.). Non-University Higher Education Admission requirement: secondary-school certificate. Vise skole (“higher schools”) offer programs in technical subjects, paramedical sciences and other vocations. They usually run from two to three academic years and lead to a Level VI/1 diploma with a professional title (for instance, senior nurse, senior medical technician, transport engineer, etc.). Post Graduate Education The master’s degree program is at least two years long. Upon successful completion of the required course work and defense of a thesis, successful candidates are awarded a Magistar Nauka (Level VII/2 diploma). The doctorate of science, or Doktor Nauka (Level VIII diploma), is the highest academic degree awarded in FR Yugoslavia. This degree is obtained through independent research and does not require structured course work of any kind. Candidates are evaluated on the basis of published research papers and their ability to write and defend a doctoral dissertation. Teacher Education Elementary school teachers (grades 1-4) are trained in two-year programs at a pedagogical academy or teacher-training college (vise skole). Grades 5-8 teachers must complete a four-year program, offered at a visoke skole or a pedagogical academy attached to a university faculty. All candidates are required to pass a state examination to practice teaching. Prospective secondary-school teachers must complete a four-year degree program at university arts or science faculties. Starting in the second year, candidates take classes in education and teaching methodology, in addition to classes in their majors. In the first semester of the last year, they are allowed to teach in an actual classroom. Higher education instructors (assistants, faculty professors, docents, extraordinary and regular professors) are recruited among graduates, postgraduates and holders of doctoral degrees in relevant disciplines. A Doktor Nauka is required for the highest and best-paid faculty positions, and further specialization is required by law for all instructors. Grading System In secondary education, a 1-5 grading scale is used with 2 being the minimum passing grade. At the tertiary level, a 5-10 grading scale is used with 6 being the minimum passing grade. Sources: 1) World Guide to Higher Education 2) Country Education Profiles: Republics of the Former Yugoslavia 3) International Association of Universities 4) Yugoslavia: Projects for International Education Research * The United States does not formally recognize the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and refers to the entity instead as Serbia and Montenegro.  RETURN TO TABLE OF CONTENTS