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Volume 13, Issue 4 
COVER PAGE
PRACTICAL INFORMATION
REGIONAL NEWS FEATURE
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Practical Information
Indonesia's System of Educationby Robert SedgwickEditor
T
he Ministry of Education and Culture is responsible for Indonesia's four main divisions of education: primary and secondary education; higher education; culture and out-of-school education; and sports. Primary education, which is both free and compulsory, is divided into three semesters. Secondary education is divided into two semesters. There are also many private institutions at all levels.
The language of instruction is Bahasa Indonesia. Local regional languages (primarily Javanese, Sundanese and Balinese) may be used during the first three years of primary school.
ACADEMIC YEAR: Mid-July to mid-June (before 1978, the school year ran from January to December).
Duration: Six Years (Grades 1 to 6)
School Age Average: 6/7 to 12
Leaving exam: The Evaluasi Belajar Tahap Akhir /EBTA or the Evaluasi Belajar Tahap Akhir Nasional: Sekolah Dasar /EBTANAS: SD.
Award: EBTANAS: SD Certificate.
Entry Requirements: EBTANAS: SD Certificate and Primary School Grades
Duration: Three Years (Grades 7-9)
School Age Average: 13 to 15
Leaving Exam: The Evaluasi Belajar Tingkat Akhir Nasional: Sekolah Menengah Pertama /EBTANAS: SMP (National Evaluation of Studies at the Final Level: Junior Secondary School)
Award: Surat Tanda Tamat Belajar Sekolah Menengah Umum Tingkat Pertama/STTB SMP (Junior Secondary School Certificate of Completion)
Entry Requirements: STTB SMP Certificate
Duration: Three Years (Grades 10-12)
School Age Average: 16 to 18
Courses taken at this level include: economics, chemistry and Indonesian and world history, in addition to various technical, commercial and agricultural subjects. Computing courses and foreign languages other than English are also offered.
Leaving exam: Evaluasi Belajar Tingkat Akhir Nasional: Sekolah Menengah Atas/EBTANAS: SMA (National Evaluation of Studies at the Final Level: Academic Senior Secondary School)
Award: Surat Tanda Tamat Belajar Sekolah Menengah Umum Tingkat Atas/STTB: SMA (Senior Secondary School Certificate of Completion)
Entry Requirements: STTB SMP Certificate
Three-year programs
Four-year programs
Award: Sekolah Teknik Menengah (STM) tradesman or a skilled worker qualification.
Madrasah Ibtidiyah (primary school)
Madrasah Tsanawiyah (lower secondary school)
Madrasah Aliyah (upper secondary school)
Leaving Exam: Evaluasi Belajar Tahap Akhir Nasional/EBTAN
Award: Surat Tanda Tamat Belajar-Madrasah Aliyah (Madrasah Menengah Tingkat Atas)/STTB MA (MMTA)
Entry requirements: Ujian Masuk Perguruan Tinggi Negari/UMPTN (Entrance Examination to State Universities)
The Ministry of Education and Culture reports that there are 77 public tertiary institutions and 1,365 private. A partial listing of universities appears at the very end of this section.
Accreditation
1) Equivalent to program in public institution: Disamakan (equalized)
2) Not equivalent to program in public institution: Diakui (recognized)
3) Not equivalent to program in public institution: Terdaftar (registered)
1) Badan Akreditasi Nasional Perguruan Tinggi/BAN PT (National Accreditation Board for Tertiary Educational Institutions)
2) For programs in public and private institutions
3) Programs will be accredited at levels A, B, and C
4) Level D = unaccredited
Programs and Degrees
Stage 1: The Sarjana (S1) degree is awarded after completing four years of study. Professional disciplines (medicine, dentistry, science, pharmacy, engineering, etc.) require an additional two to six semesters.
Stage 2: The Magister (S2) is awarded after two more years of course work and research following the Sarjana, including the writing of a thesis. Admission requires an undergraduate GPA of between 2.5 and 2.75, letters of recommendation and sometimes English language proficiency.
Stage 3: The Doktor (S3) requires additional coursework after the Magister and the writing of a dissertation.
Polytechnics: Offer two- to three year programs in engineering technology, agriculture, business administration, accountancy, graphics, publishing and tourism.
Academies: Are single faculty institutions offering technical programs leading to diplomas or certificates.
· Diploma I: requires one year of full-time study.
· Diploma II: Two years of study and offered primarily in education, economics, secretarial studies and forestry.
· Diploma III: Three years of study and offered in engineering, computer science, foreign language and business studies.
· Diploma IV: Four years of full-time study offered only in business, tourism and certain areas of engineering technology.
Primary: Up until 1988, elementary school teachers were trained at teacher training colleges, where they enrolled in a three-year course at the senior secondary level. At the present time, primary school teacher training is under review but will probably be at the Institut Kegurauan dan Ilmu Pendidikan/IKIP (Institutes of Teacher Training and Education Sciences).
Junior secondary: Teachers at this level are trained at the post-secondary level in two-year programs offered at IKIPs leading to the award of a diploma.
Senior secondary: Training for this level of teaching is conducted at four-and-a-half-year programs at IKIPs leading to the award of the Sarjana.
Technical secondary: Several IKIPs have faculties for technical teacher training offering diploma and Sarjana qualifications.
Grading scales may vary from institution to institution. Please refer to grading scale on transcript.
State Universities Universitas Hasanuddin
Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Universitas Lambung Mangkurat
Universitas Mulawarman
Universitas Palangkaraya
Universitas Pattimura Ambon
Universitas Sebelas Maret
Universitas Tanjungpura
Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta
Institute Teknologi Bandung (Bandung Institute of Technology)
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Private Universites
Universitas HKBP Nommensen
Universitas Islam Indonesia Cirebon
Universitas Islam Nusantara
Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara
Universitas katolik Indonesia ATMA Jaya
Universitas Katolik Parahyangan
Universitas Krisnadwipajana
Universitas Kristen Indonesia
Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Universitas Nasional
Universitas Pancasila
Universitas Veteran Republik Indonesia
Sources
Country Education Profiles: Indonesia; National Office of Overseas Recognition; Australia, 1995.
Education in Indonesia: Center for Informatics; Office of Educational and Cultural Research and Development, Ministry of Education and Culture: Indonesia, 2000.
International Guide to Qualifications in Education; British Council; Great Britain, 1996.
The World of Learning 1999, 49th Edition: Europa Publications; Great Britain, 1998.
E-mail your comments to the editor The eWENR staff welcomes your feedback regarding this article or the newsletter in general.
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