-
Country
Facts
- Education Overview
Elementary
Education
Higher
Education
-
-
-
|
|
- EDUCATION
OVERVIEW
- Administration
and Finance:
- The Law on Education stipulates that a minimum of 10% of
the national budget must be allocated to education; additionally, 10% of
regional budgets are to be set aside for education.
The Law introduced the indexation of educational institutions’
budgets in accordance with the inflation rate, and it established tax
reductions for enterprises, institutions, organizations, and physical persons
(including foreign ones) investing in education.
-
- The on-going process of municipalisation and
autonomisation will lead to an increased role of local budgets in the
financing of education. Further
municipalisation of pre-school establishments, as well as a switch to
multi-level financing of institutions for primary, professional secondary and
all levels of teachers education, was expected to raise the local budgets
share in educational expenditure from the actual 65% to 75% by the year 2000.
-
- Size:
- Educational programmes are offered in approximately
98,500 institutions of all levels. Approximately
36,000,000 students of all ages are enrolled in educational programmes.
-
- Structure:
- The educational system in the Russian Federation is
organized as an uninterrupted continuity of levels or stages of education.
General secondary education is the core of the system, and it includes:
basic secondary schools, offering elementary and basic (lower) secondary
education; and complete secondary schools, offering elementary, basic and
complete (upper) secondary education.
-
- In addition to general secondary education, a complex
system of professional, technical, and vocational education is established.
Initial vocational education, as well as the entire system of
professional education (secondary and tertiary), is under a process of
profound revision. A new list of
professions offered in this sector of education has been adopted.
The number of professions and specialties has decreased from 1,250 to
257 and is intended to facilitate adaptation to changing requirements of
contemporary industrial production and mobility in the labour market.
-
- Upper secondary education is also provided in gymnasia
and professional schools called lyceums. The length of studies in these
institutions depends on their educational programmes. At present, these
institutions represent a total of approximately 1200 of all secondary-level
institutions
-
- Higher education has undergone radical changes over a
short period of time. Since 1992, the systems of higher education has offered
the citizens of the Russian Federation free higher professional education, on
a competitive basis, in the public higher education institutions both
according to traditional higher education programmes and according to various
programmes of multi-level education. In
addition to the public higher education institutions, newly established
non-public (private, social, religious, etc.) higher education institutions
are functioning.
-
- Education in the Russian Federation are represented by
the following types of institutions:
- Pre-school institutions
- Primary Schools (located in rural areas only)
- Elementary and Lower Secondary Schools
- Upper Secondary Schools
- Gymnasia and Lyceums
- Professional, Technical, and Vocational
Secondary Schools and Colleges
- Universities, Institutes, Academies
-
- Private and Public
Education:
- At the primary and secondary level, private education is
represented by approximately 550 institutions, out of a total of approximately
87,500 educational establishments.
-
- Academic Year:
- The academic year runs from September to May or June, and
is divided into two academic semesters, with examinations held at the end of
each.
-
- Teacher
Education:
- Teacher training programmes are offered in pedagogical
uchilisches (for pre-school and primary teachers; see Specialised Education
for additional information), pedagogical institutes and pedagogical
universities (for all levels of education), and universities (for secondary
level subject teachers).
-
- In general, teacher training programmes at pedagogical
institutes and pedagogical universities are the strongest in academic
preparation in educational subjects. The content of teacher training
programmes universities is geared towards teaching of subject matter based on
the prospective teacher’s area of expertice-teacher training subjects
represent a minor proportion of the university programme.
All programmes regardless of level, have practice teaching components
during each year of the programme. There
are also numerous in-service training institutions for upgrading teaching
qualifications.
Revised: May 06, 2004
.
Copyright © 2001 World Education Services.
All rights reserved.
|
