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- UPPER SECONDARY AND
VOCATIONAL/TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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- Upper Secondary Education
- Vocational/Technical Education
- At the end of
Standard X, education becomes selective. Students may chose
upper-secondary academic (science or humanities) or vocational (commerce)
streams. The academic stream
prepares students for higher education and lasts for two years (hence 10 +
2). Since 1989, all States in India have converted to a 12-year (Standard)
elementary/secondary cycle. At the end of this programme students take an
external examination which results in the award of the higher Secondary
Certificate (HSC). It should be noted that a variety of names exist for
the final examinations of this level of education.
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- Upper Secondary
Education
- Upper (or Higher) Secondary education focuses on preparation for higher
education in an academic stream or on vocational training and higher
vocational education. Upper
secondary education is conducted in schools, two-year colleges or
university-affiliated colleges. Some of these institutions are privately
operated while others are government-operated institutions. The curriculum
for upper secondary institutions are determined by State or Central Boards
of Secondary Education; in most cases an All India-wide uniform school
curriculum is completed.
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- AGE OF ADMISSION
- Age 16
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- LENGTH
- Two years
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- PROGRAMME STUDIES
- Suggested curriculum for the Academic Stream
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Subject
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Options
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Language
I* |
*Hindi,
English, Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kashmiri, Kannada, Marathi,
Malayalam, Manipuri, Oriya, Punjabi, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu
Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian, Limboo, Lepcha, Bhutia, Nepali, Tibetan,
French, German, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish
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Language
II*
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Elective
I
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Mathematics,
Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Engineering Drawing, Economics, Political
Science, History, Business Studies, Accountancy, Home Science, Fine
Arts, Agriculture, Computer Science, Sociology, Psychology, Philosophy,
Physical Education, Music, and Dance
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Elective
II
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Elective
III
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General
Studies
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Work
Experience
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Physical
and Health Education
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- ASSESSMENT AND PROMOTION
- Upon successful completion of the Higher Secondary
Certificate Examinations the Higher Secondary Certificate is awarded; this
is the general requirement for admission to higher education in India.
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- GRADING SCALE
- Two grading scales are used at the Secondary level:
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- State Higher Secondary School Examination
- Percentile
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- Division
or Class
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- WES
Equivalency
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- 60
– 100
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- First
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- A
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- 45
– 59
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- Second
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- B
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- 30
– 44
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- Third
or Pass
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- C
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- 0
- 29
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- -
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- F
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- Central Board of Secondary Education
- Letter
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- Percentile
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- WES
Equivalency
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- A
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- 75
– 100
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- A
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- B
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- 60
– 74
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- A
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- C
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- 53
– 59
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- B+
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- D
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- 45
– 52
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- B
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- E
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- 33
– 44
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- C
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- F
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- 15
– 32
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- F
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- G
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- 0
– 14
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- F
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- VOCATIONAL/TECHNICAL EDUCATION
- Many
technical subjects are taught at secondary level in India (Standards
VIII-X), primarily in technical secondary schools and technical secondary
school centers. Technical
secondary schools offer a combination of general and technical education,
while the centers offer only technical subjects.
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- Vocational
and technical education is also given in higher secondary schools (Standards
XI and XII). Examinations at
this level are conducted by the All India and State Boards of Vocational
Education. The aim of
vocational education in higher secondary schools is to gain a broad
knowledge about occupations as opposed to training in specialized subjects.
The courses consist of a language course (15%), general foundation
courses (15%) and electives (70%), of which about half consists of practical
work. Electives are chosen from agriculture and related vocations, business
and office management, paramedical and education units.
Courses are employment-oriented, but also can provide access to
courses in related areas of higher education.
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- In
addition to Diploma programs offered at the secondary and higher secondary
level, polytechnic and technical institutions offer Diplomas at the higher
or tertiary level. Some of
these programs are based on Diploma admission, some may require a
Bachelor’s degree for admission. Diplomas
of this type are generally known as Postgraduate Diplomas.
These programs typically require one to one and one-half years of
full-time study following completion of a secondary or higher secondary
Diploma. Postgraduate Diploma
programs are most often in the same field of study as the lower diploma.
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- MINIMUM AGE OF ADMISSION
- Age 14
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- LENGTH
- Two to three years
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- PROGRAMME OF STUDY
- Curricula for vocational and technical programs vary
depending on the area of specialization undertaken and the length of the
Diploma programme.
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- ASSESSMENT AND PROMOTION
- Students are continually assessed through coursework,
course projects, and annual and semester examinations.
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- GRADING SCALE
- Percentile
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- Division
or Class
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- WES
Equivalency
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- 60
– 100
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- First
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- A
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- 45
– 59
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- Second
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- B
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- 33
– 44
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- Third
or Pass
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- C
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- Revised: May 06, 2004
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Copyright © 2001 World Education Services.
All rights reserved.
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